##### ###### ### ########## ########## ########## #### ## ########## ########## ########## #### # #### ######## ##### ##### #### ## ##### #### #### #### #### ### #### #### #### #### ############# ######### #### #### ########### ######### #### #### #### #### #### ######### ######### ### #### #### ######### ######### ### ## #### ######## ######## ## # #### =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- ## =-=-=-= INTERNATIONAL INTERNET WRESTLING FEDERATION =============================================== "INSIDE THE IIWF" WITH TIM DROSS December 10, 1996 =============================================== [Fade in on veteran IIWF commentator Tim Dross seated at a desk, shuffling through some papers. The lights rise and the shot zooms in on Tim.] Hello again, fans, I'm your host Tim Dross and welcome to Rome, Italy -- the current stop on the IIWF World Tour. We'll be bringing you an exciting "Wednesday War Room" tomorrow night from The Piazza Dome, but we have plenty to discuss during tonight's report, including the crowning of new World Tag Team Champions, the return of "Quickstrike" Chris Quigley, and the announcement of the title matches to be held at "Snow Brawl." But first, let's run down all of the results from Saturday's card: * VENUSIAN DEATH CELL def. THE SANDMAN * THE PLAYERS' CLUB def. THE ARABIAN KNIGHTS * ONSLAUGHT def. TIGER CLAW * STEVE KOWALSKI def. BILLY SEXTON * DEATHBRINGER def. STUD STETSON * MARTY WARNETT def. LORD BYRON * THE WHITE PHOENIX/TAKEZO MUSASHI def. THE DARK DISCIPLES * HIGH PLAINS DRIFTERS def. RISING SUN REVOLUTION * NO CONTEST: CREED vs. CHESHIRE ************************************************************************** ---------------- TIM DROSS INSIDE THE SQUARED CIRCLE -------------------- ************************************************************************** BACK IN THE SADDLE AGAIN... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ What a match we had at the Royal Albert Hall as royalty and the common man alike were treated to a donneybrook between the High Plains Drifters and Rising Sun Revolution. It was a sight many thought would never come -- a loss for Ryudo and Hiroshi -- but Pale and Easy Rider walked out of the arena with the belts once again strapped around their waists. I caught up with the Drifters after the show, and I can tell you that the Kessler's Whiskey was flowing freely as the Drifters celebrated becoming two-time champions. Despite the apparent use of a foreign object to win the match, the Drifters were quick to offer a rematch to RSR -- and IIWF President Dan Spreadbury wasted no time in signing that match for "Snow Brawl." My question tonight is: will Rising Sun Revolution be ready for that rematch? Hiroshi and Ryudo have tasted defeat for the first time in the IIWF, and it came as their friends Domination failed to successfully watch their backs. In fact, Monster bumped into Ryudo -- accidentally or otherwise -- and knocked him into the ring post just before Hiroshi was pinned. The IIWF Tag Team belts seem to have stretched the boundaries of the friendship between Rising Sun Revolution and Domination. Now that the belts belong to the High Plains Drifters, will RSR and Domination settle their differences as friends or will they settle them as opponents in the ring? While I'd prefer to see the former, the prospect of a match between these teams is very intriguing. HE'S BAAAAAACK.... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fans, what a shock Saturday night when none other than "Quickstrike" Chris Quigley interrupted an outstanding match between Cheshire and Creed and made his return to the IIWF felt in a major way. Quigley, who was incommunicado for the past month, finally resurfaced with an alleged "new attitude" instilled in him by an "old friend." Now I don't know what old friend that could be, but I DO know that Quigley did, indeed, have a killer instinct I did not detect prior to his departure. Even more disturbing was his attitude toward friends and enemies alike. A detached and violent aura surrounds this man right now and I'm not sure I like it. Quigley says he is no role model. He obviously holds a grudge against IIWF World Champion Dan Kauffman, but is seemingly willing to go through anyone who stands in his path. And President Spreadbury appears willing to give Quigley that chance. As we heard on Saturday's show, Quigley will be given the option of wrestling Deathbringer for the right to face Kauffman at "Snow Brawl," or he will earn an automatic bye into the Lethal Lottery battle royal and possibly a chance to meet the champion, whomever it may be, after "Snow Brawl." If I had to bet, based on the Chris Quigley I saw Saturday night, I'd say he'll sign the match with Deathbringer because it is the ONLY way he could be ensured of a title match with Kauffman. If he beats Deathbringer -- which is no easy task, and I'd make Quigley an underdog right now -- he would get Kauffman at "Snow Brawl." If he chooses the battle royal, there's no guarantee that Kauffman won't lose to Deathbringer at "Snow Brawl." The bottom line is that Chris Quigley has an opportunity to control his own destiny. He wants Kauffman and the belt. Deathbringer wants Kauffman and the belt. Both men may have to go through each other to reach their goals. CALL YOUR CABLE OPERATOR TODAY... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ While we're on the topic of "Snow Brawl," let's take a look at the other title matches which will be held on December 21st in Alaska. Billy Shakespeare will defend his IIWF Intercontinental Championship against "Painbringer" Billy Sexton. Now Shakespeare has looked eminently beatable lately because of his injuries, and the IIWF Special Concerns Committee has ruled that if those injuries keep Shakespeare from the ring at "Snow Brawl," he must forfeit the belt to Sexton. What a match it should be when Hakiro Matsuoko defends his IIWF Cruiserweight belt against his former stable mate Tiger Claw. Matsuoko was a true thorn in the Syndicate's side Saturday night, helping Onslaught pin Tiger Claw and then forcing the Dark Disciples to be disqualified against Takezo Musashi and Shinja Chow. You can bet that Tiger Claw will have orders from Brian Lau to not only beat Matsuoko, but to injure him as well. And I've already told you about the new IIWF Tag Team Champions High Plains Drifters and their plan to meet Rising Sun Revolution in a rematch at the big pay-per-view spectacular. Throw in the Lethal Lottery, the huge tag team battle royal, the "Valet Match" and the "Winner Gets a Contract" match, and "Snow Brawl" could be the biggest pay-per-view event in IIWF history. Call your local cable operator today and tell them you want to see "Snow Brawl!" JESUS CHRIST, "SUPERSTAR," WHAT ARE Y0U DOING? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The IIWF was hit for a major bill Saturday night after "Superstar" Stud Stetson lost control and went on a rampage in the locker room area. Apparently upset over his loss to Deathbringer -- brought on by Marty Warnett forcing Stetson back to the ring -- Stetson brutally attacked The Masked Marauder, Nifty Ned Norton, and Rotundo #2. He completely trashed one of the locker rooms in the Royal Albert Hall before Lace arrived to comfort him. When Stetson calmed down, if you can call it that, he told me that he had been fuming since Warnett took a baseball bat to Stetson's famous sports car last week. Apparently, the events of Saturday night were more than that "Superstar" could handle. Stetson told me that this week we would see the most brutal event in IIWF history. One thing is for sure: Stetson has been making sure that a stretcher arrives at each of Warnett's matches. When these two finally meet, one of them may need that stretcher. BAD TO THE BONE... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ While we're on the topic of stretchers, I'd like to address a disturbing trend in the federation. We have recently seen an influx of new talent to the IIWF, but many of these wrestlers have come with "brawler" reputations. I speak of men like Steve Kowalski, Brody Thunder, Mad Dog Watkins, and now Serge Annis. I will be the last man to question these individuals' wrestling abilities, but they seem more intent on injuring opponents than merely defeating them. History bears out that the greatest title holders are the ones with solid wrestling backgrounds, but that may mean little when others are out to end those champions' careers. Such may be the nature of the beast in professional wrestling. THE CADDY-KANE INCIDENT... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You may recall that Aaron the Caddy has been somewhat unhappy with G.W.R. of late -- even going so far as to verbally attack General Kane, the manager of G.W.R. Among other things, Aaron questions General Kane's military credentials. Well General Kane took exception to those comments and issued the following memo -- directed to Aaron and the Armed Forces -- with a slap of his own: To: "Inside the IIWF" From: General Kane It seems that Aaron the Caddy, or whatever he wants to call himself, hasn't done his homework after all. I never claimed to be in the American Army. I was, and still am, far too competent for that. I was, until my premature retirement, a general in the British army. If you want proof, it can be provided. On a slightly different note, it seems that the highlight tape of our recent publicity tour was incorrectly labeled upon delivery to IIWF offices. Measures have been taken to make sure that such does not happen again. Things continue to heat up between G.W.R. and The Armed Forces -- and seemingly now between Aaron the Caddy and General Kane. What a great match it should be when those teams finally meet. SEXTON, LIES, AND VIDEOTAPE... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With each passing week, "Painbringer" Billy Sexton builds his conspiracy plea against Billy Shakespeare and the IIWF. Now I'll be the first to admit that Sexton's claims seemed to be old news at first. After all, who in the IIWF HASN'T accused the top brass in the IIWF of corruption? But as Sexton continues to produce seemingly original documents, photos, and videotape of Shakespeare and IIWF officials in compromising positions, his case becomes increasingly difficult to ignore. Sexton has made a point of requesting new referees and timekeepers during his recent matches. Steve Kowalski took exception to this on Saturday night and attacked Sexton before any change of officials could be made. That should have been the end of the controversy, but several events during the match were suspicious. First, Sexton thought Kowalski had submitted to his armbar finisher -- only to be denied the victory. Later, after Billy Shakespeare showed up to watch the match, the referee stopped Sexton from hitting Kowalski with a chair -- only to have Kowalski grab the chair and nail Sexton. With each passing week, the legitimacy of Billy Sexton's allegations become, as Lewis Carroll may have said, "curiouser and curiouser." JUST CALL HIM SERGE... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Or, you could just call him "The Epitome of Evil," which he would probably prefer. But whatever name he goes by, Serge Annis brings a reputation as one tough customer to the IIWF ring. Annis appeared Saturday night wielding a IIWF contract and appears ready to debut tomorrow night at the Piazza Dome. Annis appears ready to take on the IIWF... is the IIWF ready for him? Serge Annis ~~~~~~~~~~~ Height: 6'8" Weight: 293lbs Orientation: neutral Origin: Oakville, Ontario, Canada Appearance: Ludvig Borga type body. Crew cut. Muscular, but not bulging like Lex. Looks Stone Cold most of the time. Black boots. Theme Music: "Some Days It's Dark" by Death Lurks Favourite moves: 1. Jumping clothesline 2. Powerbomb 3. Dropkick 4. Crotchslam 5. Boston Crab Finishing move: Chokeslam - grabs an opponent's neck from under arm, and lifts high up into the air. While midair, Annis sweeps his opponent's legs out and they land hard. Primary attributes: 1. Strength 2. Intelligence 3. Brawling Profile: Appears psychotic, but is VERY smart and it may be an act. Nickname: The Epitome of Evil. One of the most devastating entrants EVER to UWF. Former UWF World champion (first) Cult following. UWF's Lethal Protector. Placed 3rd out of 64 in WCeW. [Handler: Steve Carmichael ] I learned earlier today that two popular young wrestlers have also signed contracts with the IIWF. Larry Morton and Becky LaRue will have all the details on those signings Friday on "Countdown to Saturday Night." ************************************************************************** ------------------- UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL: ONSLAUGHT ------------------- ************************************************************************** [Cut to Tim Dross in the interview area in the studio. Onslaught is seated next to him, wearing casual clothes and his mask, as always.] TD: And now a special treat, fans. As you know, we were scheduled to interview Onslaught at this time last week, but instead learned... probably more than we cared to... about Becky LaRue. Well, I'm pleased to say that Onslaught is with us tonight and I'm looking forward to learning a bit more about this mysterious wrestler and his relationship with Tony Starks. [Dross turns to his left to face his guest] Welcome Onslaught. First, I would like to ask what happened to you last week. ON: After the event last week, I got a call and someone told me there was a problem down in Mexico and that I needed to get down there right away. I took the first plane down, and found my training facility in flames. Later on that night, I was at my house and I got a call from Kobiashi saying that this was the beginning. TD: Speaking of Kobiashi, things seem to be mounting against you. I mean, first it was Kobiashi, now he is in with Brian Lau and the Syndicate. You are only one man, how can you deal with this? ON: I am not worried about Kobiashi. He is a little man who hides behind men. As for the Syndicate, you all have made a serious mistake. You don't know who you are messing with. TD: And I take it you mean yourself? ON: Yes, and I am also referring to Kobiashi. My ring skills are as sharp as they have ever been. When I came here, I had a debt to pay to my friend Tony Starks. I thought that debt had been paid, but when Casey James attacked him, that was it. I am focused on one thing: I shall be the avenger for those who cannot avenge themselves. Kobiashi is an evil man. Lau, you think you can trust him? Wrong. If I don't get you, I am sure he will... when he doesn't need you anymore. You should have kept your nose out of business that had nothing to do with you. TD: Your friendship with Tony Starks is well documented. How did you two meet? ON: Well, I was on a tour of Japan with the promotion I was working for in Mexico. Tony was doing some work for this Japanese promotion and we had a series of matches against each other. They were really phenomenal. He is THE mat technician, a pure submission wrestler; whereas I am an aerial technician. I take risks and have little regard for my own body. We traded victories and developed a great deal of respect for each other. We became friends, and teamed together in Japan and in Mexico. We had some good success. TD: And when did you learn of Kobiashi? ON: When I was in Japan. As most of us know, Tony used to work for him here in the States. Kobiashi is a bookie and a gambler. He used to pay off Tony in fights in which he was always a huge favorite. Kobiashi would bet on his opponent and make millions. Tony got sick of this and left. Kobiashi couldn't handle it. He has always been obsessed with Starks. He covets him. And that which we covet we destroy. TD: I know you have held some titles. Which ones catch your eye here? ON: None, really. I am here for one singular purpose -- to get those who would destroy me and and my allies. I have a blood bond with Tony Starks and that is going to carry me as far as I need to go. TD: Well, I see we are almost out of time. Onslaught, thanks for letting us talk to you -- and good luck in your quest. Do you have any final comments? ON: No one is safe. [Cut to a tight shot of Dross.] TD: One man. One mission. Indeed... no one is safe. ************************************************************************** ---------------------- WEDNESDAY NIGHT PREVIEW ------------------------- ************************************************************************** We have more great matches coming your way tomorrow night from The Piazza Dome here in Rome, as will be reported on the "Wednesday War Room." Here are the matches you can look forward to: * Armed Forces vs. The Barnacle Brothers * Harlequins vs. Alphabet Boys * Serge Annis vs. El Super Gecko * The Sandman vs. John McClain * Creed vs. Cheshire * Marty Warnett vs. Dirt Dog Unique Allah * Chris Quigley vs. "Badboy" Randy Acorn * Mad Dog Watkins vs. "Enigma" Takezo Musashi * Lord Byron vs. Venusian Death Cell * Casey James vs. Brody Thunder If you can't join us in Rome at the Dome, join us in the "Wednesday War Rome"... er, I mean "Room." ************************************************************************** ---------------------- DROSS HANDICAPS THE FIELD ------------------------ ************************************************************************** *************************** WORLD HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPION *************************** DAN KAUFFMAN RECORD: 16-4-2 WIN %: .800 STREAK: Won four Will he face Deathbringer or Chris Quigley at "Snow Brawl"? Both men want a shot at him. ************************** INTERCONTINENTAL CHAMPION ************************** BILLY SHAKESPEARE RECORD: 17-8-1 WIN %: .680 STREAK: One No Contest He's the center of controversy right now. If he doesn't heal by December 21st, Billy Sexton is waiting to take his belt. *********************** CRUISERWEIGHT CHAMPION *********************** HAKIRO MATSUOKO RECORD: 14-10-1 WIN %: .583 STREAK: Won one Appears to have really split with The Syndicate. A rematch with Tiger Claw looms at "Snow Brawl." RANKINGS BY WINNING PERCENTAGE: 1. BRODY THUNDER RECORD: 5-0-1 WIN %: 1.000 STREAK: One No Contest Perhaps his biggest IIWF match awaits tomorrow night against Casey James -- one man who is as mean as he. 2. DEATHBRINGER RECORD: 19-3-2 WIN %: .864 STREAK: Won four Will he get his shot at Dan Kauffman -- or will he have to defeat Chris Quigley first? 3. "THE ENIGMA" TAKEZO MUSASHI RECORD: 15-4-0 WIN %: .789 STREAK: Won seven Ironically, Hakiro Matsuoko saved his IIWF career by attacking the White Phoenix. His career is intact, but how long will he be with the Dark Disciples around? 4. THE WHITE PHOENIX RECORD: 11-3-0 WIN %: .786 STREAK: Won two Hakiro Matsuoko continues to be a thorn in his side. A rematch with the IIWF Cruiserweight Champion may have to wait until after his sabbatical in January. 5. OTTO "THE BUTCHER" VERHOEVEN RECORD: 11-4-1 WIN %: .733 STREAK: Lost one Preparing for his main event matchup with the Subway Psycho Saturday night in Germany. This is a chance to finally settle the score. 6. CHRIS QUIGLEY RECORD: 8-3-0 WIN %: .727 STREAK: Won one Barely saved his IIWF career, now he wants a shot at the title. Will he face Deathbringer or choose the Lethal Lottery's battle royal? 7. SUBWAY PSYCHO RECORD: 14-6-2 WIN %: .700 STREAK: Lost one Will Sasha accompany him to Germany when he meets Otto Verhoeven on Saturday? The Psycho struggles when she is in the building. STEVE KOWALSKI RECORD: 7-3-0 WIN %: .700 STREAK: Won one Displayed his fury against "Painbringer" Billy Sexton. Who's next? 9. LORD BYRON RECORD: 6-3-0 WIN %: .667 STREAK: Lost one Loss to Marty Warnett on Saturday hurts him in the rankings, but it may have hurt his ego even more. ONSLAUGHT RECORD: 6-3-0 WIN %: .667 STREAK: Won one He is on a single mission: to destroy Mr. Kobiashi -- and the Syndicate if they get in his way. VENUSIAN DEATH CELL RECORD: 6-3-0 WIN %: .667 STREAK: Won one Got back on the winning track against The Sandman, but didn't appreciate the face full of dust after the match. 12. "PAINBRINGER" BILLY SEXTON RECORD: 14-8-0 WIN %: .636 STREAK: Lost one Finally has his title shot against Billy Shakespeare at "Snow Brawl." How can he defend against a future conspiracy? 13. MARTY WARNETT RECORD: 15-9-0 WIN %: .625 STREAK: Won five Big win Saturday against Lord Byron gives him momentum, but Stud Stetson promises a surprise for him this week. Will it involve a stretcher? 14. CASEY JAMES RECORD: 14-9-2 WIN %: .609 STREAK: Won two With Tony Starks, Onslaught, and Dan Kauffman on his mind, is he ready to step into the ring with Brody Thunder tomorrow night? 15. HARLEQUIN TRAGEDY RECORD: 3-2-1 WIN %: .600 STREAK: Won one Can appear at anytime and anywhere. Studies his opponents as well as anyone, but the unpredictability of Harlequin Chaos may still be his weak link. STUD STETSON RECORD: 3-2-1 WIN %: .600 STREAK: Lost one His Corvette is now mashed metal. What payback does he have in store for Marty Warnett? 17. THE SANDMAN RECORD: 11-8-0 WIN %: .579 STREAK: Lost one Seemingly now a man on a mission. Will his new attitude affect his performance? 18. TIGER CLAW RECORD: 18-14-2 WIN %: .563 STREAK: Lost two He's beaten Hakiro Matsuoko before for a title. Will lightning strike twice at "Snow Brawl?" 19. MR. DAMAGE RECORD: 9-9-0 WIN %: .500 STREAK: Won one Back at the .500 mark, now must defeat some name opponents to climb in the rankings. 20. "BADBOY" RANDY ACORN RECORD: 6-8-2 WIN %: .429 STREAK: Lost three Continues to struggle. May be on his way out of the IIWF. 21. "HIGH ROLLER" JOHN McCLAIN RECORD: 1-5-0 WIN %: .200 STREAK: Lost four The odds are stacked against him. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22. HARLEQUIN CHAOS RECORD: 1-0-0 WIN %: 1.000 STREAK: Won one Unorthodox style, but his size makes him dangerous. MAD DOG WATKINS RECORD: 1-0-0 WIN %: 1.000 STREAK: Won one Strong debut. Ring experience in other feds makes him a wrestler to watch in the IIWF. 24. CREED RECORD: 0-0-1 WIN %: .000 STREAK: One No Contest Debut match with Cheshire was interrupted by Chris Quigley. He'll have a rematch tomorrow night. CHESHIRE RECORD: 0-0-1 WIN %: .000 STREAK: One No Contest Showed good skills against Creed in a no-contest debut. DIRT DOG UNIQUE ALLAH RECORD: 0-0-0 WIN %: .000 STREAK: None When the fans yell "he's a bum," they may not be kidding. SERGE ANNIS RECORD: 0-0-0 WIN %: .000 STREAK: None Brings a nasty reputation to the IIWF. He'll have a chance to live up to it when he debuts tomorrow night. ************************ WORLD TAG TEAM CHAMPIONS ************************ HIGH PLAINS DRIFTERS RECORD: 16-5-1 WIN %: .762 STREAK: Won four Recaptured the gold with a victory over Rising Sun Revolution on Saturday, but the win was tainted by the alleged use of a foreign object. A rematch looms at "Snow Brawl." 1. RISING SUN REVOLUTION RECORD: 9-1-0 WIN %: .900 STREAK: Lost one Winning streak was snapped by Pale and Easy Rider. They have a shot at a rematch at "Snow Brawl," but may want to settle their differences with Domination first. 2. DOMINATION RECORD: 3-1-1 WIN %: .750 STREAK: Lost one Disagreement with Rising Sun Revolution Saturday night could break up their friendship. 3. THE ARMED FORCES RECORD: 13-7-1 WIN %: .650 STREAK: Lost one Despite other booked matches, Aaron wants a shot at G.W.R. 4. THE ALPHABET BOYS RECORD: 7-4-2 WIN %: .636 STREAK: Won two Always unpredictable, they're currently on a winning streak. 5. THE DARK DISCIPLES RECORD: 3-2-0 WIN %: .600 STREAK: Lost one Hakiro Matsuoko kept them from eliminating Takezo Musashi from the IIWF. Will they now attempt to help Brian Lau eliminate Matsuoko? G.W.R. RECORD: 3-2-0 WIN %: .600 STREAK: Lost one They hope to get a shot at The Armed Forces before "Snow Brawl." 7. PAIN INC. RECORD: 7-5-0 WIN %: .583 STREAK: Lost two Still training hard in Indonesia, rumor has it they're close to returning to action in the IIWF. 8. THE ZODIAC CONNECTION RECORD: 6-8-0 WIN %: .429 STREAK: Lost two Currently struggling, but still a fan favorite. 9. THE PLAYERS' CLUB RECORD: 2-4-0 WIN %: .333 STREAK: Won one Impressive win over The Arabian Knights on Saturday means this team may be back at full strength. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE ARABIAN KNIGHTS RECORD: 8-5-0 WIN %: .615 STREAK: Lost two Their contract has been frozen and they will not wrestle pending the resolution of a legal dispute with the front office. ************************************************************************** ------------- COMING FRIDAY: COUNTDOWN TO SATURDAY NIGHT ---------------- ************************************************************************** Fans, be sure to join Becky LaRue and me tomorrow night for "Wednesday War Room," and Becky will join Larry Morton on Friday for a special German edition of "Countdown to Saturday Night" as we continue this exciting world tour and build up to "Snow Brawl" on December 21st. Until then, this is Tim Dross for the cast and crew of "Inside the IIWF" saying so long everyone! [The credits roll as the lighting on the broadcast desk drops and Dross resumes shuffling papers on the desk. Fade.] +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= I * I * W * F =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-+ | President: Daniel Spreadbury | Vice-President: Steve Owens | | univ0322@sable.ox.ac.uk | sowens@admin.presby.edu | | iiwf@sisko.demon.co.uk | IIWFadmin@aol.com | +=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- http://www.sisko.demon.co.uk -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=+